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Compare Brunei (2005) - Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2001)

Compare Brunei (2005) z Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2001)

 Brunei (2005)Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2001)
 BruneiMacedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Administrative divisions 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong 123 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aracinovo, Bac, Belcista, Berovo, Bistrica, Bitola, Blatec, Bogdanci, Bogomila, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Cair (Skopje), Capari, Caska, Cegrane, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer-Sandevo, Debar, Delcevo, Delogozdi, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dobrusevo, Dolna Banjica, Dolneni, Dorce Petrov (Skopje), Drugovo, Dzepciste, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Izvor, Jegunovce, Kamenjane, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Klecevce, Kocani, Konce, Kondovo, Konopiste, Kosel, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kuklis, Kukurecani, Kumanovo, Labunista, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Lukovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovi Anovi, Meseista, Miravci, Mogila, Murtino, Negotino, Negotino-Poloska, Novaci, Novo Selo, Oblesevo, Ohrid, Orasac, Orizari, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnia, Podares, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Rostusa, Samokov, Saraj, Sipkovica, Sopiste, Sopotnika, Srbinovo, Star Dojran, Staravina, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Topolcani, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Velesta, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vitoliste, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Vratnica, Vrutok, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zileno, Zitose, Zletovo, Zrnovci

note:
the seven municipalities followed by Skopje in parentheses collectively constitute "greater Skopje"
Age structure 0-14 years: 28.6% (male 54,342/female 52,084)


15-64 years: 68.4% (male 134,908/female 119,814)


65 years and over: 3% (male 5,301/female 5,912) (2005 est.)
0-14 years:
22.92% (male 243,715; female 225,349)

15-64 years:
66.94% (male 688,484; female 681,225)

65 years and over:
10.14% (male 92,043; female 115,393) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton
Airports 2 (2004 est.) 16 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
10

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 5,770 sq km


land: 5,270 sq km


water: 500 sq km
total:
25,333 sq km

land:
24,856 sq km

water:
477 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Delaware slightly larger than Vermont
Background The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world. International recognition of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's (FYROM) independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols. Greece finally lifted its trade blockade in 1995, and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, despite continued disagreement over FYROM's use of "Macedonia." FYROM's large Albanian minority and the de facto independence of neighboring Kosovo continue to be sources of ethnic tension.
Birth rate 19.01 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 13.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $4.9 billion


expenditures: $4.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (2003 est.)
revenues:
$1.06 billion

expenditures:
$1 billion, including capital expenditures of $107 million (1996 est.)
Capital Bandar Seri Begawan Skopje
Climate tropical; hot, humid, rainy warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Coastline 161 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991

note:
Democratic Party for Albanians (DPA), which is now a member party of the government, is calling for a rewrite of the constitution to declare ethnic Albanians a constituent national group and allow for greater regional autonomy
Country name conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam


conventional short form: Brunei
conventional long form:
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

conventional short form:
none

local long form:
Republika Makedonija

local short form:
Makedonija

abbreviation:
FYROM
Currency - Macedonian denar (MKD)
Death rate 3.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $0 $1.4 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Emil SKODON


embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan


mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507


telephone: [673] (2) 229670


FAX: [673] (2) 225293
chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael M. EINIK

embassy:
Bul. Ilinden bb, 91000 Skopje

mailing address:
American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)

telephone:
[389] (91) 116-180

FAX:
[389] (91) 117-103
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH


chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838


FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ljubica Z. ACEVSKA

chancery:
3050 K Street, NW, Suite 210, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 337 3063

FAX:
[1] (202) 337-3093

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international in 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their disputed offshore and deepwater seabeds and negotiations have stalemated prompting consideration of international legal adjudication; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants dispute with Greece over its name; February 2001 agreement with Yugoslavia settled alignment of boundary, stipulating implementation within two years
Economic aid - recipient NA $100 million from the EU (2000)
Economy - overview This small, well-to-do economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas. At independence in November 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on its largest market Yugoslavia, and a Greek economic embargo hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP has subsequently increased each year, rising by 5% in 2000. Successful privatization in 2000 boosted the country's reserves to over $700 million. Also, the leadership demonstrated a continuing commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration. Inflation jumped to 11% in 2000, largely due to higher oil prices.
Electricity - consumption 2.286 billion kWh (2002) 5.992 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 30 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002) 75 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 2.458 billion kWh (2002) 6.395 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
82.25%

hydro:
17.75%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
lowest point:
Vardar River 50 m

highest point:
Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,753 m
Environment - current issues seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia air pollution from metallurgical plants
Environment - international agreements party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% Macedonian 66.6%, Albanian 22.7%, Turkish 4%, Roma 2.2%, Serb 2.1%, other 2.4% (1994)
Exchange rates Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000) Macedonian denars per US dollar - 64.757 (January 2001), 65.904 (2000), 56.902 (1999), 54.462 (1998), 50.004 (1997), 39.981 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
chief of state:
President Boris TRAJKOVSKI (since 15 December 1999)

head of government:
Prime Minister Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI (since 30 November 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - current cabinet formed by the government coalition parties VMRO-DPMNE, LDP, and DPA

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); prime minister elected by parliament; election last held NA November 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
Boris TRAJKOVSKI elected president on second-round ballot; percent of vote - Boris TRAJKOVSKI 52.4%, Tito PETKOVSKI 46.2%
Exports 199,000 bbl/day (2003) $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities crude oil, natural gas, refined products food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and steel
Exports - partners Japan 38.1%, South Korea 14%, Australia 11.2%, US 8.6%, Thailand 7.9%, Indonesia 5.9%, China 4.5% (2004) Germany 22%, Yugoslavia 22%, US 12%, Greece 7%, Italy 6% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands a rising yellow sun with eight rays extending to the edges of the red field
GDP - purchasing power parity - $9 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 5%


industry: 45%


services: 50% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
12%

industry:
25%

services:
63% (2000)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $23,600 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $4,400 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.2% (2003 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 4 30 N, 114 40 E 41 50 N, 22 00 E
Geography - note close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
Heliports 3 (2004 est.) -
Highways total: 2,525 km


paved: 2,525 km


unpaved: 0 km (2000)
total:
8,684 km

paved:
5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways)

unpaved:
3,144 km (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty increasing transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe
Imports NA $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; food products
Imports - partners Singapore 32.7%, Malaysia 21.2%, UK 8.3%, Japan 7.2% (2004) Germany 13%, Ukraine 13%, Russia 10%, Yugoslavia 8%, Greece 8% (2000)
Independence 1 January 1984 (from UK) 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Industrial production growth rate 5% (2002 est.) 3% (2000)
Industries petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco
Infant mortality rate total: 12.61 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 15.93 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 9.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
12.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.3% (2003 est.) 11% (2000 est.)
International organization participation APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, C, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ACCT (associate), BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 6 (2000)
Irrigated land 10 sq km (1998 est.) 830 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) Constitutional Court; Judicial Court of the Republic; judges for both courts are elected by the Judicial Council
Labor force 158,000


note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (2002 est.)
1 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, government 48% (1999 est.) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total: 381 km


border countries: Malaysia 381 km
total:
748 km

border countries:
Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Yugoslavia 221 km
Land use arable land: 0.57%


permanent crops: 0.76%


other: 98.67% (2001)
arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
25%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
10% (1993 est.)
Languages Malay (official), English, Chinese Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%
Legal system based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Legislative branch Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members; Sultan dissolved council on 1 September 2005 and appointed a new council with 29 members as of 2 September 2005


elections: last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)
unicameral Assembly or Sobranje (120 seats - 85 members are elected by popular vote, 35 members come from lists of candidates submitted by parties based on the percentage that parties gain from the overall vote; all serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 October and 1 November 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - VMRO-DPMNE 43, SDSM 27, PDP 14, DA 13, DPA 11, VMRO-VMRO 6, LDP 4, SP 1, Roma Party 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 74.8 years


male: 72.36 years


female: 77.36 years (2005 est.)
total population:
74.02 years

male:
71.79 years

female:
76.43 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.9%


male: 96.3%


female: 91.4% (2002)
definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT


by type: liquefied gas 8


foreign-owned: 8 (United Kingdom 8) (2005)
-
Military branches Royal Brunei Armed Forces: Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force Army (includes Air and Air Defense Forces), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $290.7 million (2004) $76.3 million (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.1% (2004) 2.17% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
548,183 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
442,053 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
17,905 (2001 est.)
National holiday National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection Uprising Day, 2 August (1903)
Nationality noun: Bruneian(s)


adjective: Bruneian
noun:
Macedonian(s)

adjective:
Macedonian
Natural hazards typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare high seismic risks
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, timber chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber, arable land
Net migration rate 3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) -1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2004) 10 km
Political parties and leaders National Development Party (NDP) [Yassin AFFENDI]; National Unity Party of Brunei (PPKB) [leader NA]; People's Awareness Party (PAKAR) [leader NA]


note: parties are small and inactive (2005)
Democratic Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic Party for Albanians or DPA [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Ljubcho GEORGIEVSKI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Reform Option or VMRO-VMRO [Boris STOJMANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Risto GUSTERVO]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PDP [Imeri IMERI, president]; Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM (former Communist Party) [Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Union of Romanies of Macedonia or SRM [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 372,361 (July 2005 est.) 2,046,209 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 25% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 1.9% (2005 est.) 0.43% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Lumut, Muara, Seria none
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 410,000 (1997)
Railways - total:
699 km

standard gauge:
699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km electrified)

note:
a 56-km extension of the Kumanovo-Beljakovci line to the Bulgarian border at Gyveshevo is under construction (2001)
Religions Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% Macedonian Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female


total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.08 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage none 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US


domestic: every service available


international: country code - 673; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
NA
Telephones - main lines in use 90,000 (2002) 408,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 137,000 (2002) 12,362 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) 31 (plus 166 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Total fertility rate 2.3 children born/woman (2005 est.) 1.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 3.2% (2002 est.) 32% (2000)
Waterways 209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004) note:
lake transport only, on the Greek and Albanian borders
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